What is sliding windowing? why its name is sliding windowing? is there any protocol behind sliding windowing? if yes then how does it work?

A TCP window is the amount of unacknowledged data a sender can send on a particular connection before it gets an acknowledgment back from the receiver, that it has received some of the data.

TCP Sliding Window

The sending device can send all packets within the TCP window size (as specified in the TCP header) without receiving an ACK, and should start a timeout timer for each of them.

The receiving device should acknowledge each packet it received, indicating the sequence number of the last well-received packet. After receiving the ACK from the receiving device, the sending device slides the window to right side.

No particular protocol is used just the TCP mechanism.

In this case, the sending device can send up to 5 TCP Segments without receiving an acknowledgement from the receiving device. After receiving the acknowledgement for Segment 1 from the receiving device, the sending device can slide its window one TCP Segment to the right side and the sending device can transmit segment 6 also.

If any TCP Segment lost while its journey to the destination, the receiving device cannot acknowledge the sender. Consider while transmission, all other Segments reached the destination except Segment 3. The receiving device can acknowledge up to Segment 2. At the sending device, a timeout will occur and it will re-transmit the lost Segment 3. Now the receiving device has received all the Segments, since only Segment 3 was lost. Now the receiving device will send the ACK for Segment 5, because it has received all the Segments to Segment 5.

Acknowledgement (ACK) for Segment 5 ensures the sender the receiver has succesfully received all the Segments up to 5.

TCP uses a byte level numbering system for communication. If the sequence number for a TCP segment at any instance was 5000 and the Segment carry 500 bytes, the sequence number for the next Segment will be 5000+500+1.